Historically, the ideology of Orientalism was used to divide every aspect of the world into two sections: the East and the West. This framework allowed for the subjugation of many regions by various European countries. Although abated in the 20th century, Orientalism survived and was rebranded into its new version, Neo-Orientalism. This new ideology, focusing on the MENA region and Islam, has led to reductive stereotypes perpetuated by American and European news, literature, and social media. Consequently, there has been a rise in Islamophobia and anti-Muslim violence around the world.
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